Verwenden von Proxies in PowerShell

Proxies in PowerShell verwenden

Proxies in PowerShell

PowerShell ist ein leistungsstarkes Automatisierungstool in Windows. Die Arbeit mit Proxies ist entscheidend für Skripte, die in Unternehmensnetzwerken ausgeführt werden oder Anonymität erfordern.

Invoke-WebRequest mit Proxies

Grundlegende Anfrage über Proxy

$proxy = "http://proxy_ip:8080"
$response = Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://httpbin.org/ip" -Proxy $proxy
$response.Content

Mit Authentifizierung

$proxy = "http://proxy_ip:8080"
$proxyCred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential(
    "username",
    (ConvertTo-SecureString "password" -AsPlainText -Force)
)

$response = Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://httpbin.org/ip" `
    -Proxy $proxy `
    -ProxyCredential $proxyCred

$response.Content

Invoke-RestMethod (für JSON API)

$proxy = "http://proxy_ip:8080"
$result = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "https://httpbin.org/ip" -Proxy $proxy
$result.origin  # your IP via proxy

System.Net.WebProxy

Programmatische Konfiguration

$webProxy = New-Object System.Net.WebProxy("http://proxy_ip:8080", $true)
$webProxy.Credentials = New-Object System.Net.NetworkCredential("user", "pass")

# Apply to WebClient
$client = New-Object System.Net.WebClient
$client.Proxy = $webProxy
$result = $client.DownloadString("https://httpbin.org/ip")
Write-Host $result

Proxy-Umgehung für bestimmte Adressen

$webProxy = New-Object System.Net.WebProxy("http://proxy_ip:8080", $true)
$webProxy.BypassList = @("localhost", "*.local", "192.168.*")
$webProxy.BypassProxyOnLocal = $true

HttpClient (.NET)

Für fortgeschrittene Szenarien verwenden Sie den .NET HttpClient:

$proxy = New-Object System.Net.WebProxy("http://proxy_ip:8080")
$proxy.Credentials = New-Object System.Net.NetworkCredential("user", "pass")

$handler = New-Object System.Net.Http.HttpClientHandler
$handler.Proxy = $proxy
$handler.UseProxy = $true

$client = New-Object System.Net.Http.HttpClient($handler)
$response = $client.GetStringAsync("https://httpbin.org/ip").Result
Write-Host $response

System-Proxy

Aktuelle Einstellungen lesen

# From Windows Registry
$regPath = "HKCU:\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings"
$proxyEnabled = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $regPath).ProxyEnable
$proxyServer = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $regPath).ProxyServer
Write-Host "Proxy enabled: $proxyEnabled"
Write-Host "Proxy server: $proxyServer"

System-Proxy einstellen

$regPath = "HKCU:\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings"

# Enable proxy
Set-ItemProperty -Path $regPath -Name ProxyEnable -Value 1
Set-ItemProperty -Path $regPath -Name ProxyServer -Value "proxy_ip:8080"

# Exceptions
Set-ItemProperty -Path $regPath -Name ProxyOverride -Value "localhost;*.local"

Write-Host "Proxy configured"

System-Proxy deaktivieren

Set-ItemProperty -Path $regPath -Name ProxyEnable -Value 0
Write-Host "Proxy disabled"

Umgebungsvariablen

Einstellen

$env:HTTP_PROXY = "http://proxy_ip:8080"
$env:HTTPS_PROXY = "http://proxy_ip:8080"
$env:NO_PROXY = "localhost,*.local"

Permanente Einstellung

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("HTTP_PROXY", "http://proxy_ip:8080", "User")
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("HTTPS_PROXY", "http://proxy_ip:8080", "User")

Überprüfung

Write-Host "HTTP_PROXY: $env:HTTP_PROXY"
Write-Host "HTTPS_PROXY: $env:HTTPS_PROXY"

Proxy-Rotation in Skripten

$proxies = @(
    "http://user:pass@proxy1:8080",
    "http://user:pass@proxy2:8080",
    "http://user:pass@proxy3:8080"
)

$urls = @(
    "https://httpbin.org/ip",
    "https://httpbin.org/headers",
    "https://httpbin.org/user-agent"
)

foreach ($url in $urls) {
    $proxy = $proxies | Get-Random
    try {
        $response = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $url -Proxy $proxy -TimeoutSec 10
        Write-Host "OK: $url via $proxy"
        Write-Host $response
    } catch {
        Write-Host "FAIL: $url via $proxy - $($_.Exception.Message)"
    }
}

Proxy-Test

function Test-Proxy {
    param(
        [string]$ProxyServer,
        [string]$ProxyPort,
        [string]$Username,
        [string]$Password
    )

    $proxy = "http://${ProxyServer}:${ProxyPort}"
    $cred = $null

    if ($Username) {
        $cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential(
            $Username,
            (ConvertTo-SecureString $Password -AsPlainText -Force)
        )
    }

    try {
        $params = @{
            Uri = "https://httpbin.org/ip"
            Proxy = $proxy
            TimeoutSec = 10
        }
        if ($cred) { $params.ProxyCredential = $cred }

        $response = Invoke-RestMethod @params
        Write-Host "OK - IP: $($response.origin)" -ForegroundColor Green
        return $true
    } catch {
        Write-Host "FAIL - $($_.Exception.Message)" -ForegroundColor Red
        return $false
    }
}

# Usage
Test-Proxy -ProxyServer "proxy_ip" -ProxyPort "8080" -Username "user" -Password "pass"

Massen-Proxy-Test

$proxyList = Get-Content "proxies.txt"  # format: ip:port:user:pass

$results = foreach ($line in $proxyList) {
    $parts = $line.Split(":")
    $ip = $parts[0]; $port = $parts[1]
    $user = $parts[2]; $pass = $parts[3]

    $proxy = "http://${ip}:${port}"
    try {
        $cred = New-Object PSCredential($user, (ConvertTo-SecureString $pass -AsPlainText -Force))
        $resp = Invoke-RestMethod "https://httpbin.org/ip" -Proxy $proxy -ProxyCredential $cred -TimeoutSec 5
        [PSCustomObject]@{Proxy=$line; Status="OK"; IP=$resp.origin}
    } catch {
        [PSCustomObject]@{Proxy=$line; Status="FAIL"; IP="N/A"}
    }
}

$results | Format-Table -AutoSize
$results | Export-Csv "proxy_check_results.csv" -NoTypeInformation

Fazit

PowerShell bietet flexible Tools für die Arbeit mit Proxies: von einfachen Cmdlets (Invoke-WebRequest) bis zur vollständigen .NET API. Die Möglichkeit, System-Proxies über die Registrierung und Umgebungsvariablen zu verwalten, macht PowerShell ideal für die Automatisierung der Proxy-Konfiguration auf Windows-Maschinen.